Based on the author's personal experiences of learning to do qualitative research, this autoethnography reflects on the dilemma of qualitative research development in China's academia of foreign languages and seeks its solutions. The narrative inquiry finds that the dilemma is largely due to difficulties in learning and applying qualitative research, misunderstandings of and bias toward qualitative research among some researchers, and repellence from the traditional research culture and current academic context. In the era of methodological pluralism, the practice of teaching and learning qualitative research needs to be integrated into Chinas foreign language teacher education and postgraduate programs, and qualitative research deserves a place in domestic academic journals'

The rise of large language models has profoundly reshaped translation production practices, presenting a significant challenge to traditional translation training systems. This paper, oriented towards the objectives of knowledge, skills, and critical thinking, proposes a pedagogical framework driven by large language models for human-machine collaborative translation. The framework comprises a four-stage teaching pathway of translation diagnosis, prompt design, multi-round interaction and project practice, and adopts a comprehensive evaluation method, aiming to promote the intelligent transformation of translation education and cultivate innovative translators in the AI era.

AI-enabled educational revolution has reshaped education models, and has shifted foreign language teachers' roles to “learning facilitators” and “human-machine collaborators”. This paper reviews policies, curricula, and research trends regarding AI in education in Asia, Europe and the Americas, and analyzes the applications and challenges of AI in education across different cultural contexts. Based on the analysis, it proposes a human-centered approach to enhancing foreign language teachers' AI competency, emphasizing ethics and digital inclusion. The stepwise pathway aims to support teachers' professional development and improve the quality of education in the AI era.

GenAI, as the core engine driving the digital transformation of education, is reshaping the practical paradigms of foreign language education through multidimensional synergistic mechanisms. This paper firstly addresses the limitations inherent in technology-enabled foreign language education, and clarifies the transformative significance of GenAI's technical features for forming a new education ecosystem. Subsequently, it examines the interaction of the four dimensions of teaching, learning, assessment and governance, elucidates the internal logic behind GenAI's empowerment of foreign language education, and thus proposes corresponding actionable approaches. In so doing, the paper aims to provide insights and references for the sustainable development of intelligent foreign language education.

Speech perception is a cognitive process that integrates visual and auditory modalities. Observers process prominent information through visual (e.g. facial expressions) and auditory (e.g. prominence) cues. Based on the McGurk effect theory, this study investigates Chinese EFL learners' audiovisual perception of English and Chinese prominence by measuring reaction time and accuracy. The results reveal that the congruent audiovisual cues have the strongest effect on prominence perception. It is easier for EFL learners to judge Chinese prominence than English prominence, showing native language advantage. Under audiovisually congruent conditions, EFL learners' audiovisual perception patterns of English prominence closely approximate those of native speakers. It is faster and easier to detect prominent words in the non-final positions of a sentence than those in the final position. The study provides foundational data for human-computer interaction research, offering practical application value in fields such as intelligent education and medical rehabilitation.

This one year longitudinal study involves two cohorts of undergraduates at a Chinese university: 2 673 students from the 2022 cohort and 2 272 students from the 2023 cohort. It uses a self-developed GenAI-powered personalized adaptive learning system ZJU E-Lang, and examines its role in improving EFL listening and reading abilities from the perspectives of learning outcomes and students' perceived effectiveness. The findings indicate that the GenAI-powered system significantly enhanced students' English listening and reading abilities. However, a clear novelty effect was observed, with substantial progress during the first half of the year followed by a slowdown in the second half. Students' perceptions of the GenAI-powered system varied by discipline, but disciplinary backgrounds did not interact with GenAI-facilitated learning effects. The positive effects of the GenAI-powered system in supporting language learning provide enlightenment for the deep integration of human intelligence and artificial intelligence in foreign language teaching.

Machine translation literacy has emerged as a frontier topic in translation studies in the human-machine collaboration era, but assessment tools for machine translation literacy remain underdeveloped. This study attempts to construct a machine translation literacy scale consisting of 5 dimensions and 18 indicators, and examines its reliability and validity. The dimensions include human-machine translating knowledge, human-machine translating strategies, pre-editing techniques, post-editing techniques and human-machine relationship understanding. The statistical results indicate that the scale demonstrates good convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability. The machine translation literacy scale may provide reference for quantitative assessment in translation education and practice.

This paper expounds the theory and application of a dialectical research paradigm (DRP). It includes three major sections. The first section discusses the essential differences between the DRP and the DRM (dialectical research method). The second explains the theoretical framework of the DRP. Finally, the third looks into the practical value of the DRP by drawing on the authors own research experiences, and points out the problems to which the DRP users should pay attention.

An important purpose of language standards is to enhance the clarity of test score interpretation, enrich the meaning of test scores, and promote the rational use of language tests. In preparation for the reform of the College English Test (CET), especially its score interpretation and report, the National College English Testing Committee conducted an alignment study, in which the CET was linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and the China's Standards of English Language Ability. This study presents the rationale for the alignment study, and explains the research design and implementation. It then reports the findings and discusses the implications of the alignment study for improving locally developed language standards and language tests. Finally, suggestions on the methodology and implementation are provided for future alignment studies.

Starting from college English teachers concern over the practice of blended teaching and taking the design of the textbook series New Progressive College English as an example, this paper attempts to discuss the background, principles and advantages of integrating textbooks with digital resources in blended teaching, so as to encourage graded teaching by embracing new teaching tools and foster students autonomous learning ability by using online platforms with teaching management functions.

This paper deals with the textbook series New Progressive College English in respects of its background, compiling concepts, framework and distinctive features. Written in accordance with the Guidelines on College English Teaching and drawing on rich experience from the College English and New College English textbook series, the New Progressive College English aims to meet the requirements of teaching EFL in China in the new era. The textbook series provides reading materials from the latest English articles, various exercises and digital resources, all of which involve pioneering practices in college English textbook compilation.

This paper provides an academic dialogue with Professor Michael Byram on localization of intercultural communication theories, dimensions and evaluation of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) in teaching materials. The dialogue reveals that the Chinese scholars have managed to localize intercultural communication theories in practice. ICC presentation in teaching materials shall give priority to skills of relation and discovery among cultures, attitudes and critical cultural awareness. ICC evaluation shall integrate formative assessment of intercultural activities to improve students ICC. The paper is concluded with implications of intercultural communication theories for teaching materials evaluation.

The first summit forum on the construction and development of the worldclass discipline of foreign language and literature, and the inaugural meeting of the China University Alliance for the Development of Foreign Language and Literature Discipline was hosted by Shanghai International Studies University in March, 2018. This paper analyzes the hot topics of this summit forum. Through content analysis and document analysis, it summarizes the main academic views of the experts and scholars. The paper also discusses the status quo and multiple developmental trends of the worldclass foreign language and literature discipline in the Chinese higher education, so as to bring some enlightenment to the construction of the worldclass discipline of foreign language and literature in China.

With 72 freshmen of non-English majors as the subjects, the present study explored the effects of input frequency of different occurrences and output frequency of different occurrences on the acquisition of second language chunks' productive knowledge. The study results showed that (1) input frequency of different occurrences had an effect on the immediate acquisition of second language chunks productive knowledge, and had a delayed effect in one week; (2) output frequency of different occurrences had an effect on the acquisition of second language chunks' productive knowledge in one week, and the delayed effect remained in two weeks; (3) there were significant differences between the effects of input and output frequency of different occurrences on the acquisition of second language chunks' productive knowledge. The study will not only enrich the understanding of explicit/implicit teaching and effects of frequency, but also provide pedagogical implications for chunk teaching.

Within the theoretical framework of L2 Motivational Self System and by questionnaires and SEM, this study examined the mediating effects of motivated behavior on L2 Self and English reading and writing skills. The results show that Ideal L2 Self exerted a significant effect on reading skills, and motivated behavior partially mediated the effect of Ideal L2 Self on reading skills; L2 Learning Experience had a significant effect on writing skills, and motivated behavior partially mediated the effect of L2 Learning Experience on writing skills; Oughtto L2 Self exerted no significant effect on reading and writing skills, and thus no mediating effect existed. These results may contribute to the teaching and learning of English reading and writing skills.

Foreign language talents in the new era are expected to have more abilities than merely language ability, among which are critical thinking ability and intercultural communicative competence. Therefore, effective language tests will be needed to assess such abilities. By reviewing relevant literature and investigating two tasks in the English Test for International Communication, this study focuses on the development of test tasks integrating the target abilities from the aspects of task forms, task contents and evaluation criteria, with an expectation to provide useful insights for the selection and cultivation of foreign language talents.

Through content analysis of the empirical studies on foreign language testing published in 14 main domestic foreign language journals from 2006 to 2017, this paper attempts to reveal the development trends, contents and features of the empirical studies on foreign language testing in China. The results show that the number of empirical studies on foreign language testing moves along a wavelike curve; more than half of the studies focus on largescale tests, and the studies deal with not only such traditional topics as test validity, construct, washback, human scoring, items/tasks/test papers, cognitive factors, affective factors and testtaker performance, but also new topics like computer and internetbased testing, automated scoring, classroom assessment, social factors, English proficiency scales, assessment literacy and cognitive diagnostic assessment; the empirical studies are characterized by a wide range of subjects, a variety of topics and mixed research methods, but they await further investigation to become more balanced, systematic and forefrontexploring. The paper further draws on the recent hotspots in international studies on language testing and puts forward suggestions for domestic studies.

The College English Test (CET), a language testing system with distinctive Chinese characteristics, was designed and developed by Chinese language testers in the 1980s. In this article, a review was undertaken of the reform and development of the CET in the past three decades, focusing on its role in promoting college English teaching and learning. Directions for the further development of language testing in China were discussed based on the validity theory of language testing. It was suggested that language testers in China should pay due attention to the Chinese context and be actively engaged in research on the social dimensions of language testing so as to facilitate a sustained development of domestic language tests with Chinese characteristics and enhance their international recognition.

Through a quantitative content analysis of the research methods in Business English (BE) studies published in CSSCI and SSCI journals from 2007 to 2017, this paper finds that: (1) In research design, both domestic and overseas studies emphasized BE education, while international academia witnessed more BE discourse studies; both domestic and overseas studies were mainly based on linguistics, but more interdisciplinary studies were published in SSCI journals; a wider range of business genres, spoken and computermediated genres in particular, were investigated by overseas researchers. (2) In data collection, nonprobability sampling was widely applied both at home and abroad, while surveys, interviews and observations were more frequently used by overseas researchers. (3) In data analysis, mixed and qualitative methods were the mainstream in overseas studies, while quantitative methods were preferred domestically; in addition, domestic researchers made full use of corpus tools. (4) Reliability and validity tests were inadequate in both domestic and overseas studies. The paper is concluded with implications for domestic BE studies.

Research on emotions in the field of applied linguistics predominantly focuses on their linear effects, overlooking nonlinear relationships among variables. Conducting a questionnaire survey of 325 undergraduate students, and utilizing polynomial regression and response surface analysis, this study investigates the nonlinear impact of foreign language anxiety and enjoyment on learning engagement. The results reveal that when foreign language anxiety and enjoyment change in the same direction, students' engagement is significantly higher in the low anxiety and enjoyment situation than in the high anxiety and enjoyment situation. When foreign language anxiety and enjoyment change in the opposite directions, students' engagement is significantly higher in the low anxiety and high enjoyment situation than in the high anxiety and low enjoyment situation. The study offers a novel perspective for foreign language emotion research and provides implications for enhancing students' foreign language learning engagement.

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly impacts on various industries, foreign language education has become a widely debated subject once more. This paper argues that in the AI era, foreign language education should implement the New Model of Tertiary Foreign Language Education by adhering to the basic educational principles of prioritizing students' key competencies, including language proficiency, human-AI interaction skills, intercultural competences, and research capabilities. Meanwhile, it should strategically incorporate AI tools to enhance teaching effectiveness. Foreign language teachers should strengthen AI literacy both in theory and practice to develop the New Model of Tertiary Foreign Language Education and drive teaching innovation, so that foreign language programs can cultivate high-quality talents capable of meeting the demands of national and societal progress in the AI era.

Guided by the activity theory, this study employs a qualitative case study approach to conduct a three-year longitudinal tracking of three MA students majoring in foreign languages, exploring the characteristics of agency in academic research activities during their MA studies. The findings reveal that the academic research agency practices of the MA students are carried out via their growth will, goal-oriented approaches, and practice objectives. These practices are realized by means of marginal observation and centripetal perception, and iteratively influence future activities under the mediating effects of various elements within the activity system. Investigating students' academic research agency helps extend the collaborative dialogic space between teachers and students in the academic research field, stimulating new educational capabilities of university MA programmes.

This study, from the perspective of educational ecology, proposes ways to build a symbiotic and win-win interdisciplinary “foreign language + discipline” teaching community, as well as a collaborative mechanism between ESAP (English for specific academic purposes) teachers and disciplinary supervisors. The interdisciplinary teaching community forms an educational synergy through the collaborative mechanism in terms of teaching goals and principles, teaching activities, teaching resources, and teaching research. The teaching community interacts with ecological factors such as learning activities, learning tools, and physical learning environment, creating a dynamic ESAP teaching ecosystem. The results of a preliminary survey show that the established teaching community can facilitate both foreign language acquisition and disciplinary learning, aligning the ESAP teaching ecosystem with the overall educational goals, and promoting the healthy development of the higher education ecosystem.

Based on the PRISMA framework, this study conducted a systematic analysis of 101 research papers on new-form foreign language textbooks published in China and abroad over the past nearly two decades (2006—2024). The analysis reveals a significant upward trend in the overall volume of publications, which has undergone three developmental stages. Research themes primarily center on textbook evaluation and development, with insufficient attention paid to textbook use and analysis. In empirical studies, the application of theoretical frameworks is insufficient and lacks systematicity. Research subjects encompass textbooks at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, with a particular emphasis on those at the tertiary level. English is the dominant language of the textbooks studied. Research methods have become increasingly diversified, with qualitative and quantitative methods frequently combined. Finally, the study identifies common problems in both domestic and overseas research, and outlines future prospects of research on new-form foreign language textbooks in China.

Based on the theoretical framework of educational ecology, and through textual analysis of outstanding teaching cases, this study elucidates the ecological characteristics, imbalances, and optimization pathways within the evaluation system of curriculum-based ideological and political education (CIPE) implemented by foreign language teachers. The findings reveal that the evaluation system has distinctive content characteristics of “bidirectional facilitation” and strategic features of “tripartite mutual construction”, while simultaneously exposing ecological imbalances such as temporal-spatial disconnections in evaluation activities, absence of multi-agent collaboration mechanisms, and deficiency of reflective culture. The study then proposes an ecological CIPE evaluation framework for foreign language teachers, which comprises five dimensions: 1) a “language-culture-value” tripartite evaluation matrix, 2) multimodal and cross-culturally contextualized assessment methodologies, 3) mutually constructive and co-evolutionary evaluation agents, 4) institutionalized reflective evaluation culture, and 5) external ecological nourishment encompassing policies, technologies and resources. It provides an operational CIPE evaluation framework for high-quality morality cultivation.

The 2024-2035 Master Plan on Building China into a Leading Country in Education calls for accelerating the development of a high-quality education system, and establishing an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. In line with the goal of building a leading country in education, the discipline of foreign languages and literatures and related programs should keep pace with the times, strengthen the guiding role of innovative theories, and promote interdisciplinary integration to construct an independent knowledge system for the discipline. They should adhere to a needs-based approach to enhance the relevance of foreign language programs, align with national development strategies to broaden both the scope and depth of cultivating internationally competent interdisciplinary talents, and implement political and moral education by developing a system of high-quality original teaching materials. At this new historical juncture, higher foreign language education should remain committed to national priorities, seize historical opportunities, rise to challenges, and break new ground in development.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) into foreign language education is gradually reshaping pedagogical paradigms. Based on a quasi-experimental design and grounded theory analysis, this study introduces a production-oriented and interaction-rich teaching model, and examines the underlying mechanisms linking shifts in learning patterns with student engagement under AIGC-driven conditions.The results reveal that the dialogic, adaptive, and embodied learning modes intertwine and evolve through authentic learner-AI interaction. AIGC integration significantly enhances behavioral and cognitive engagement, while emotional engagement is stabilized through embodied multisensory participation. The learning modes jointly facilitate the deep integration of student engagement, blending into a coherent “interaction adaptation generation” paradigm.Beyond deepening the mechanic interpretation, the study offers both a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for understanding how AIGC can drive paradigm renewal in the digital transformation of language education.

Informed by the expectancy value theory (EVT), this study investigates the predictive effects of motivational beliefs on foreign language (FL) learning engagement. Data collected from 356 senior high school students are analyzed using latent moderated structural equation modeling. The results are as follows: (1) expectancy for success, intrinsic value and extrinsic value significantly and positively predict FL learning engagement; (2) effort cost significantly and negatively predicts learning engagement; (3) emotional cost does not significantly predict learning engagement, but significantly moderates the relationship between expectancy for success and learning engagement. The EVT is applicable to studying FL learning engagement, with motivational beliefs as robust predictors of FL learning engagement. The study provides new insights into the influencing mechanism of FL learning engagement and ways to enhance FL learning engagement.

With the accelerating process of globalization, the demand for talents with international competence has become increasingly pressing, while college foreign language education plays a pivotal role in cultivating such talents. Adopting an educational design research approach, this study draws on relevant frameworks at home and abroad, and aligns with the disciplinary characteristics of college foreign language education in China. Through questionnaires, interviews, expert consultations and teaching practices, the study defines international competence in college foreign language education, constructs a competence framework encompassing three dimensions of values, knowledge, and skills, and outlines 15 key elements. Based on the framework, it proposes corresponding implementation pathways, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for cultivation and assessment of international competence in college foreign language education.

This study employs a self-paced reading experiment to examine how context types and foreign language proficiency affect the processing of metaphors in a foreign language. The results show that for positive metaphors, both the metaphorical and literal meanings are accessed simultaneously, whereas for ironic metaphors, the metaphorical meaning is accessed after the literal meaning, indicating a staged processing characteristic. Although both positive and ironic metaphors are non-literal, their cognitive mechanisms differ in that ironic metaphors require more cognitive resources from EFL learners. Regardless of metaphor types, advanced learners process metaphors faster than low proficiency learners, while the relationship between language proficiency and metaphor processing is dynamically mediated by cognitive abilities.